Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a kind of materials composed of organic blocks linked through robust covalent bonds [1],[2]. In these materials, the organic blocks are integrated into symmetric structures that extend infinitely under the guidance of topological diagram, founded by periodic skeletons and nanopores [3],[4],[5]. On account of the extensive building blocks, variety of topology design diagram and the variety of linkages, various COFs with different functionalities can be designed and synthesized for versatile applications. The diverse possibility of COFs enables their enormous potential as catalyst supports, photovoltaics, gas-storage materials and energy-storage materials [6],[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12]. What' s more, COFs can be synthesized through simple chemical reactions, which signify the potential for mass production and thus contribute to their practical applications in these areas. Specially, stable
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